Flux tube analysis of L‐band ionospheric scintillation

Abstract

This manuscript presents magnetic flux tube analysis of L‐band signal scintillation in the nighttime equatorial and low‐latitude ionosphere. Residues of the scintillation index urn:x wiley:jgra:media:jgra50285:jgra50285-math-0001 estimated from the L‐band signals received from Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites are employed in the analysis. The urn:x wiley:jgra:media:jgra50285:jgra50285-math-0002 estimates have been shown to be associated with simultaneous GPS VTEC variations derived from JPL's GIPSY‐GIM package. We have applied the wavelet decomposition technique simultaneously on the urn:x-wiley:jgra:media:jgra50285:jgra50285-math-0003 time series in a flux tube over the equatorial and low‐latitude regions. The technique decomposes the urn:x-wiley:jgra:media:jgra50285:jgra50285-math-0004 signal to identify the dominant mode of variabilities and the temporal variations of scintillation‐producing irregularities in the context of a flux tube. Statistically significant regions of the wavelet power spectra considered in our study have mainly shown that (a) dominant plasma irregularities associated with urn:x-wiley:jgra:media:jgra50285:jgra50285-math-0005 variabilities in a flux tube have periods of about 4 to 15 minutes (horizontal irregularity scales of about 24 to 90 km). These periods match short period gravity waves, (b) scintillation‐producing irregularities are anisotropic along the flux tube and in the east‐west direction, and (c) the occurrences of scintillation‐producing irregularities along the flux tube indicate that the entire flux tube became unstable. However, plasma instability occurrences were not simultaneous in most cases along the flux tube, there were time delays of various orders. Understanding the attributes of L‐band scintillation‐producing irregularities could be important for developing measures to mitigate L‐band signal degradation.