Ciencias de la Tierra Sólida
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Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Hidrosfera y Cambio Climático
Ciencias de la Tierra Sólida
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Impacto de la Geofísica en el Desarrollo Sostenible
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Instrumentación Geofísica y Desarrollo Tecnológico
Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Hidrosfera y Cambio Climático
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Enlaces de Referencias
Topside Equatorial Ionospheric Plasma Density, Temperature, Composition, and Drifts Measurements at Jicamarca Under June Solstice, Moderate Solar Flux Conditions
(John Wiley and Sons, 2026-02-05) Hysell, D.L.; Varney, R.H; Scipión, Danny; Kuyeng, Karim; Huba, J.D.
State parameter profiles in the equatorial topside ionosphere were measured in June, 2023, and late July and early August, 2025, at the Jicamarca Radio Observatory. The measurements combined multiple radar pulsing schemes and analysis methods. In 2025, for the first time, plasma drifts were measured concurrently with electron densities, electron and ion temperatures, and ion composition by exploiting a new electronic beam steering capability. Significant quiet-time day-to-day variability is evident across all measurements. In this study, variability in the vertical drifts is considered as a source of variability in the other plasma state parameters. Topside temperatures and the midday temperature depression in particular are examined for sensitivity to vertical drifts. While predictions obtained from the SAMI2-PE model, which includes energetic electron transport, exhibit reasonable agreement with observations overall, they do not account for topside variability. Some limitations of the measurements and the model along with strategies for improvement and further study are discussed.
Evaluación geodinámica de los daños ocasionados por el descenso de lahares en la ciudad de Arequipa durante febrero de 2026 (Región Arequipa)
(Instituto Geofísico del Perú, 2026-03) Rivera, Marco; Valdivia, David; Cuno, Juan; Arias, Carla; Cruz, John; Cuadros, Bárbara; Cabrera, Marquinho
Las intensas lluvias ocurridas en la ciudad de Arequipa en el mes de febrero de 2026 activaron varias quebradas que nacen en los volcanes Misti y Chachani, con el descenso de lahares o flujos de lodo y rocas que impactaron zonas urbanas de la ciudad de Arequipa. Los distritos más afectados fueron Cayma, Yanahuara, Cerro Colorado, Sachaca, Alto Selva Alegre, José Luis Bustamante y Rivero, Miraflores, Paucarpata, Cercado de Arequipa y Mariano Melgar. Estos flujos provocaron inundaciones, colapso de viviendas, daños en infraestructura vial y afectación a la población. Los escenarios observados son el resultado de la reducción del cauce natural de las quebradas producto de la ocupación urbana que ha experimentado la ciudad de Arequipa en los últimos 60 años.
On vertical plasma drift measurements made by a new medium power incoherent scatter radar (MP ISR) mode at the Jicamarca Radio Observatory
(Elsevier, 2026-03-04) Massoud, Alexander A.; Abubakar, Anthony A.; Rodrigues, Fabiano S.; Kuyeng, Karim; Inoñán, Marcos; Scipión, Danny
A new medium power (MP) mode of the incoherent scatter radar (ISR) at the Jicamarca Radio Observatory has been recently implemented. The MP ISR mode uses comparatively small transmitters (∼0.2 MW peak power) to allow routine observations (200 to 300 days per year) of ionospheric plasma drifts that were not possible with the original larger transmitters. Here, we present results of an analysis of the first year (October 2023-October 2024) of vertical drift measurements made with the standard version of this new mode. The analysis was carried out to verify the ability of the new measurements to reproduce the expected features of the equatorial ionospheric vertical drifts despite the reduction in transmitter power. Our analysis shows that the diurnal and seasonal variation of the climatological MP ISR vertical drifts matches expectations based on previous experimental and modeling studies of the equatorial vertical drifts. For instance, the MP ISR reproduces the diurnal variation of the vertical drifts that includes the development of the well-known pre-reversal enhancement (PRE) near sunset. The MP ISR mode also shows that the PRE peak reaches maximum values in December solstice and equinox. Peak PRE values are reduced in June solstice. Therefore, the climatological vertical drifts indicate that, despite the reduced transmitter power, the new MP ISR mode is capable of capturing the main features of the equatorial vertical drifts. To better evaluate the MP ISR mode, we also compare the MP ISR climatology with vertical drifts output from two empirical models that were created using independent data sets and different mathematical techniques. Good overall agreement was obtained between the measurements and model predictions. Here, we highlight that the new MP ISR measurements show a rapid variation in the vertical drifts near sunrise that was predicted by one of the models. We point out that this rapid change can also be seen in vertical drifts simulated by physics-based numerical models. The new, routine MP ISR measurements will enable a better understanding of the equatorial drifts under a wide range of geophysical conditions.
A Machine Learning‐Based Dynamic SST Index for Long‐ Lead Malaria Prediction in the Peruvian Amazon
(Wiley, 2026-01) Pan, Mengxin; Hu, Shineng; Janko, Mark M.; Zaitchik, Benjamin F.; Takahashi, Ken; Lescano, Andres G.; Munayco, Cesar V.; Pan, William K.
Malaria imposes a major health burden in the Peruvian Amazon, and its early warning is essential for effective disease prevention. The tropical sea surface temperature (SST) variability, fundamentally shaping the global weather patterns, may also alter malaria transmission and potentially improve its long‐lead predictability. In this study, we propose a machine learning‐based methodology that leverages comprehensive tropical SST variability for malaria prediction in the Peruvian Amazon. First, we demonstrate that significant correlations broadly exist between tropical SST anomalies and Peruvian malaria occurrence across different seasons and time lags, confirming the potential predictability from the tropical ocean. Then, we apply the self‐ organizing map to synthesize the spatiotemporally varying SST‐malaria relationship and identify a unique dynamic SST index for Peruvian malaria. The dynamic SST index provides better performance (higher correlation coefficients and lower root mean square errors) in the generalized linear model, compared to the traditional El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) index, with lead times exceeding 3 months. Furthermore, the dynamic SST index captures the evolution of the ENSO life cycle from its precursor climate mode (Pacific Meridional Mode) and appears to influence Peruvian malaria by altering the local near‐surface air temperature and specific humidity. Such underlying mechanisms provide the physically plausible basis for the long‐lead predictability of Peruvian malaria using a machine learning‐based remote predictor. Last but not least, we provide open‐source code for broad applications in linking tropical SST variability and vector‐borne disease transmission, or other climate‐sensitive socioeconomic issues.
Boletín sísmico mensual (febrero 2026)
(Instituto Geofísico del Perú, 2026-02) Instituto Geofísico del Perú
Durante el mes de febrero de 2026, el Centro Sismológico Nacional (CENSIS) reportó la ocurrencia de 53 sismos con epicentros en el borde occidental y dentro del territorio peruano.