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Enlaces de Referencias
A hybrid reconstruction approach for estimating topside ionospheric scale height and its altitudinal variation using Jicamarca ISR measurements
(Springer, 2026-06) Guru, K. Siba Kiran; Sripathi, S.; Singh, Ram; Barad, Rajesh Kumar; Scipion, Danny; Dimri, A. P.
In ionospheric research, accurately representing the topside electron density profile is essential for predicting radio wave propagation and mitigating ionospheric effects on communication and navigation systems. Despite advances in global models and satellite observations, region-specific and continuous modelling of the topside ionosphere remains challenging due to limited in-situ measurements. Reliable reconstruction of the topside ionosphere using empirical formulations requires precise knowledge of the scale height at the F2 peak (H0) and its linear altitudinal variation (α), especially over the electrodynamically complex equatorial and low-latitude regions. In this study, 13 years (2013-2024) of incoherent scatter radar measurements from the Jicamarca Radio Observatory, Peru, a prominent dip-equatorial station, are utilized to extract realistic topside parameters. A Hybrid reconstruction strategy is employed to adaptively select best suitable formulation between the α-Chapman and semi-Epstein formulations at each time step using fitting error metrics derived from least-square optimization. This approach enables simultaneous and physically consistent estimation of H0 and α.The results revealed pronounced diurnal, seasonal, and solar-geomagnetic variability in the topside parameters. Overall, this analysis demonstrate the effectiveness of Hybrid approach in improving the topside electron density reconstruction, and the insights gained may be integrated with existing models to enhance their regional accuracy.
Boletín sísmico mensual (junio 2026)
(Instituto Geofísico del Perú, 2026-06) Instituto Geofísico del Perú
Durante el mes de junio de 2026, el Centro Sismológico Nacional (CENSIS) reportó la ocurrencia de 75 sismos con epicentros en el borde occidental y dentro del territorio peruano.
Estructura interna y exploración geotérmica en el entorno del volcán Sabancaya
(Instituto Geofísico del Perú, 2026-04) Álvarez, Yovana; Antayhua Vera, Yanet Teresa; Centeno Quico, Riky; Quiber, José; Quispe, Lady; Tavera, Hernando
Se analizó las señales de ruido sísmico mediante el apilamiento de las correlaciones cruzadas entre pares de estaciones sísmicas ubicas en el entorno del volcán Sabancaya. El mayor contraste en los modelos de velocidad 2D y 3D permitió identificar la existencia de tres anomalías de baja velocidad Vs. La primera anomalía, denominada A1 (Vs de 1 600 a 2 300 m/s), se ubicó a menos de 3 km por de profundidad y ha sido asociada al sistema al sistema hidrotermal presente bajo el complejo volcánico Ampato–Sabancaya. La segunda anomalía A2 (Vs de 2 500 a 3 000 m/s), se ubicó entre 4 y 6 km por debajo del cráter del volcán Sabancaya, por sus características de baja velocidad y profundidad ha sido asociada con la cámara magmática superficial del volcán Sabancaya. La tercera anomalía A3 (Vs entre 2 300 y 3 100 m/s), ubicada a profundidades mayores a 7 km por debajo del volcán Hualca Hualca, estaría relacionada con la cámara magmática profunda que alimenta el proceso eruptivo del volcán Sabancaya. En el contexto de la exploración de energía geotérmica, la presencia de cámaras magmáticas superficiales y profundas constituyen la principal fuente de calor; además, el mecanismo de transporte de fluidos puede ser aprovechado en superficie para la generación de energía eléctrica, climatización, invernaderos, entre otroas para mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas que habitan al entorno de los volcanes Ampato-Sabancaya y Hualca Hualca.
Could artificial reoxygenation revitalize dying coastal seas?
(IOP Publishing, 2026-04-24) Slomp, C. P.; Oschlies, A.; Altieri, A. H.; Bach, L. T.; Bopp, L.; Breitburg, D.; Canning, A.; Conley, D. J.; Dai, M.; Dewitte, B.; Enevoldsen, H.; Ferrer, E. M.; Galán, A.; Garcon, V.,; Gregoire, M.; Gustafsson, B.; Gutierrez, D.; Handmann, P.; Hylén, A.; Isensee, k.; Lamond, R.; Li, M.; Limburg, K.; Montes Torres, Ivonne; Sterling, J.; Tan Shau Hwai, A.; Testa, J. M.; Wallace, D.; Waniek, J. J.; Yasuhara, M.
Eutrophication and global warming are key drivers of oxygen loss, also termed deoxygenation, in coastal ecosystems worldwide. Artificial reoxygenation has been suggested as a local or regional solution to increase oxygen concentrations and improve water quality by various parties, including water managers and industry. Three main approaches have been proposed: (1) bubbling with air with the aim to destratify and mix the water column (2) injection of pure oxygen and (3) pumping of oxygenated water to greater water depths (downwelling). In this review, we summarize the results of recent field trials and other implementations of artificial reoxygenation in coastal systems, which, to date, only involve small bays and estuaries. We also discuss potential benefits and risks. While the recent trials indicate that reoxygenation of the water column can be achieved, low oxygen conditions returned rapidly within days to months of discontinuing operations. This illustrates that artificial reoxygenation typically only provides a temporary solution to deoxygenation. Potential side effects of artificial reoxygenation could include enhanced emissions of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide and, upon bubbling and destratification in shallow waters, also of methane. Additionally, downwelling could lead to warming and an associated increased oxygen demand near the seafloor. Reoxygenation will not necessarily reduce the nutrient availability for phytoplankton, implying that water quality may remain poor. We recommend a careful, case-by-case assessment of the suitability of artificial reoxygenation in coastal systems prior to implementation and monitoring before, during and after each intervention. Any field trials should involve all relevant parties, including scientists and local communities, and results should be reported with full transparency. While in the short-term, artificial reoxygenation may be useful to alleviate oxygen loss in some coastal systems, long-term improvements in the oxygen levels and quality of coastal waters require reductions in nutrient inputs and greenhouse gas emissions.
Knowing with the river: Situated risks of riverine communities in the Peruvian Amazon
(Springer, 2026-05-26) Mendoza, Heidi D.; Valenzuela, Jonathan; Armijos Cardenas, Elisa Natalia; Van Loon, Anne F.; Rohse, Melanie; Koehler, Johanna K. L.; Mariano, Bryan Joel; Gonzalo, Bruno T. C.; Diaz, Paulo F. S.; Vasquez, Cesar P. A.; Souza, Carlos J. A.; Izaguirre, Elsa A. V.; Bazo, Juan; Anicama, Jahir
Dominant approaches to drought and flood risk often marginalize the social and temporal dimensions of how communities experience environmental change. This study explores how three riverine communities in the Peruvian Amazon—Bajo Belén, Tamshiyacu, and El Chino—generate and act on knowledge of river dynamics to sustain livelihoods amid increasing hydrological variability. Using storytelling with 45 participants (2023–2024), and co-produced seasonal calendars, we identified risk windows or periods of heightened vulnerability when river levels misalign with local expectations. These windows provide a situated lens into how risks are interpreted and navigated through embodied, relational, and adaptive strategies. Our findings highlight the centrality of place-based knowledge and temporal attunement to sustainable adaptation, challenging technocratic risk frameworks. By reframing hydrological extremes as relational and embedded in local rhythms, the study calls for more inclusive governance that reflects the socio-cultural and ecological specificities of hydrological risks.