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Geofísico Nacional

El Instituto Geofísico del Perú promueve la investigación y el desarrollo de nuevos conocimientos científicos que son de gran utilidad para nuestro país.

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Nuestra comunidad

Nuestro Repositorio Geofísico Nacional cuenta con 7 comunidades principales, las cuales contienen diferentes materiales informativos que se han elaborado en el transcurso de los últimos años.

40 Ítems Impacto de la Geofísica en el Desarrollo Sostenible Ver más

375 Ítems Institucional Ver más

14 Ítems Observación Geofísica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica Ver más

163 Ítems Tesis Ver más

1073 Ítems Ciencias de la Atmósfera e Hidrósfera Ver más

573 Ítems Ciencias de la Tierra Sólida Ver más

949 Ítems Ciencias del Geoespacio y Astronomía Ver más

40 Ítems Impacto de la Geofísica en el Desarrollo Sostenible Ver más

375 Ítems Institucional Ver más

14 Ítems Observación Geofísica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica Ver más

163 Ítems Tesis Ver más

1073 Ítems Ciencias de la Atmósfera e Hidrósfera Ver más

573 Ítems Ciencias de la Tierra Sólida Ver más

949 Ítems Ciencias del Geoespacio y Astronomía Ver más

40 Ítems Impacto de la Geofísica en el Desarrollo Sostenible Ver más

Estadísticas

Recent Submissions

Item

Open Access

Evidence of Unusually Strong Equatorial Ionization Anomaly at Three Local Time Sectors During the Mother's Day Geomagnetic Storm On 10–11 May 2024

(Wiley, 2025-01-24) Rout, Diptiranjan; Kumar, A.; Singh, R.; Patra, S.; Karan, D. K.; Chakraborty, S.; Scipión, Danny; Chakrabarty, D.; Riccobono, Juanita

This study uses multiple ground and satellite-based measurements to investigate the extreme ionospheric response to the Mother's Day storm on May 10–11, 2024. Prompt penetration electric field caused a significant enhancement in the ionospheric vertical drift (∼ 95 m/s) and the equatorial electrojet strength (∼ 275 nT) over Jicamarca. These extreme eastward electric field perturbations, along with the large meridional wind, significantly altered the F-region plasma fountain at different local times. The afternoon equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) not only sustained for an exceptionally long duration (∼12 hr) but also expanded spatially over time. The separation between the two peaks of EIA crests exceeded ∼48° and ∼70° in the morning and evening sectors, respectively. This study shows, for the first time, that unusually strong EIA can not only develop at different local times but can also sustain for long duration under favorable conditions, which has implications for space weather applications.

Palabras clave:Space weather Mother's day storm Plasma fountain

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Open Access

Causes of the Abnormally Strong Easterly Phase of the Mesopause Semiannual Oscillation During the March Equinox of 2023 Revealed by a New Reanalysis Data Covering the Entire Middle Atmosphere

(Wiley, 2025-04-01) Sato, Kaoru; Koshin, Dai; Suclupe, Jose; Chau, Jorge L.; Lima, Lourivaldo M.; Li, Guozhu; Bhaskara Rao, S. Vijaya; Ratnam, M. Venkat; Rodriguez, Rodolfo; Scipión, Danny

During the March equinox of 2023, a strong easterly wind of ∼80 m s−1 appeared at an altitude of ∼82 km in the equatorial upper mesosphere, which is regarded as an enhancement of the mesopause semi-annual oscillation. In this study, a new reanalysis data available up to 110 km was used to investigate its momentum budget. The strong easterly acceleration was due to a similar contribution from resolved waves and parameterized gravity waves, but largely counteracted by an upward advection of westerly momentum. The significant anomaly in the mean winds was not restricted to the 82 km height, but also included strong westerly winds (∼50 m s−1) at 65 km and easterly winds (∼40 m s−1) at 42 km. The stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation was westerly. The mean wind intensification at each height is explained by the acceleration due to upward propagating waves, which do not suffer from critical filtering below.

Palabras clave:Mesopause semiannual oscillation Stratopause semiannual oscillation Quasi-biennial oscillation

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Restricted

Ionospheric Responses to an Extreme (G5-Level) Geomagnetic Storm Using Multi-Instrument Measurements at the Jicamarca Radio Observatory on 10–11 October 2024

(Wiley, 2025-04-5) Singh, Ram; Scipión, Danny; Kuyeng, Karim; Condor Patilongo, Percy; Flores, Roberto; Pacheco, Edgardo; De la Jara, César; Manay, Edwar

On 9 October 2024, a fast-moving coronal mass ejection erupted from the Sun and interacted with Earth on October 10 at around 1530 UT, causing a powerful G5-class geomagnetic storm with a Sym-H index of approximately −341 nT. During the storm's main phase, a strong eastward penetration electric field led to enhancement in Equatorial Electrojet (EEJ), 150 km echoes, E × B vertical plasma drift, and virtual F-region height (h′F) over the equator that sustained over 1.5 hr between 1530 and 1700 UT (1030–1200 LT), with maximum increases of 290 nT, 85 m/s, 60 m/s, and 280 km, respectively. The enhanced E × B vertical plasma drift caused a significant increase (50%–100%) and latitudinal extension (∼23–51°N and 18–57°S magnetic latitudes) of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) on both sides of the magnetic equator. During the pre-reversal enhancement hour at 00:00 UT (19:00 LT), the combined effects of eastward penetration and the background electric field strongly enhanced upward E × B vertical plasma drifts to 98 m/s causing plasma bubbles to reach higher altitudes (∼950–1500 km) over Jicamarca, as recorded by incoherent scatter radar. Ionospheric irregularities extended poleward, reaching up to 42°N and 43°S magnetic latitudes. The eastward disturbance dynamo electric field and disturbed thermospheric neutral winds caused the nighttime development of the EIA as well as the prolonged ionospheric rise at the magnetic equator. Continuous oscillations in the EEJ, 150 km echoes, E x B plasma drift, h′F, and ionospheric plasma density associated with disturbance polar currents are noticed.

Palabras clave:Geomagnetic storm Equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA)E × B verticle plasma drift

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Restricted

The Earth alignment principle for artificial intelligence

(Nature Research, 2025-03-28) Gaffney, Owen; Luers, Amy; Carrero-Martinez, Franklin; Oztekin-Gunaydin, Berna; Creutzig, Felix; Dignum, Virginia; Galaz, Victor; Ishii, Naoko; Larosa, Francesca; Leptin, Maria; Takahashi, Ken

At a time when the world must cut greenhouse gas emissions precipitously, artificial intelligence (AI) brings large opportunities and large risks. To address its uncertain environmental impact, we propose the ‘Earth alignment’ principle to guide AI development and deployment towards planetary stability.

Palabras clave:Developing world Environmental impact Political economy of energy

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Open Access

ENSO Diversity Regulation of the Impact of MJO on Extreme Snowfall Events in the Peruvian Andes

(Wiley, 2025-03-25) Sulca Jota, Juan Carlos

Extreme snowfall events (ESEs) in the Peruvian Andes (10°–18.4° S, > 4000 m) result in considerable economic losses. Despite their importance, how El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) diversity modulates the impact of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) on ESEs in the Peruvian Andes remains unexplored. Daily ERA5 reanalysis data from 1981 to 2018 were analysed. This study examines 16 ESEs. A bandpass filter with a 20–90-day range was applied to isolate the intraseasonal component of the daily anomalies. Additionally, time series data from the real-time multivariate MJO (RMM) index and Eastern and Central ENSO (E and C) indices were utilised. Composites were performed to describe the atmospheric circulation patterns related to ESEs in the Peruvian Andes under neutral, El Niño and La Niña conditions in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. Under non-ENSO conditions, the MJO alone does not trigger ESEs in the Peruvian Andes during the DJF season. The absence of a well-organised convection system over the Peruvian Andes prevents ESEs. Conversely, during the JJA season, MJO Phases 5, 6 and 7 induce ESEs in the southern Peruvian Andes by enhancing moisture flux from the east through the equatorward propagation of an extratropical Rossby wave train that crosses South America and reaches the Altiplano region. In terms of ENSO diversity, the combined effects of the Central La Niña and MJO Phases 6 + 7 induce ESEs across the Western Cordillera of the southern Peruvian Andes during the DJF season. During austral winter, the interaction between the Central El Niño and MJO Phases 8 + 1, Eastern El Niño and MJO Phases 2 + 3, and Eastern La Niña and MJO Phases 8 + 1 induce ESEs across the Peruvian Andes.

Palabras clave:Bolivian high-Nordeste low system ENSO diversity Extratropical Rossby wave train