Ciencias de la Tierra Sólida
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A través del Repositorio Geofísico Nacional (REGEN), el IGP organiza su producción científica en comunidades que reúnen todo el conocimiento científico obtenido a lo largo de más de 100 años de investigación
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Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Hidrosfera y Cambio Climático
Ciencias de la Tierra Sólida
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Impacto de la Geofísica en el Desarrollo Sostenible
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Instrumentación Geofísica y Desarrollo Tecnológico
Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Hidrosfera y Cambio Climático
Ciencias de la Tierra Sólida
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Enlaces de Referencias
Assessing environmental and anthropogenic drivers for the occurrence and extent of fires in high Andean Grasslands
(Taylor & Francis, 2025-12-18) Gutierrez Flores, Ivon; Mercado, Angela; Zubieta Barragán, Ricardo; Beltrán, Pablo; Oyague, Eduardo
The grasslands of the southern Andes are critical ecosystems for the rural population, but they have been significantly affected by fires. While fire ignitions are anthropogenic, their occurrence and spread are shaped by climatic, vegetational, and topographic factors. This study identified the main environmental and human drivers of fire occur rence and extent in high Andean grasslands. We developed generalized linear models with 14 and 22 variables for the fire occurrence and extent model, respectively. Various metrics (e.g. AIC, AUC, pseudo-R²) were applied to validate the best-performing model and assess its performance. Our findings suggest that elevation, maximum temperature, soil adjusted vegetation index, and topographic position index are the primary drivers of fire occurrence. For fire extent, grass cover, elevation, topographic position index, and rock cover were the most influential factors. The models explained 21% and 60% of the variability in fire occurrence and extent, respectively. This study identifies key environmental factors influencing fire occurrence and extent, providing valuable insights for improving fire management strategies, particularly in fire-prone ecosystems such as grasslands. Since the temperature was a contributing factor to fire occurrence, this highlights the importance of prevention and reduction strategies in the context of climate change.
Characterization of the Optical Properties of Biomass-Burning Aerosols in Two High Andean Cities, Huancayo and La Paz, and Their Effect on Radiative Forcing
(MDPI, 2025-10-25) Victoria Barros, César; Estevan Arredondo, René
Atmospheric aerosols are known to alter the Earth’s radiative balance and influence climate. However, accurately quantifying the magnitude of aerosol-induced radiative forcing remains challenging. We characterize optical properties of biomass-burning (BB) and non-biomass-burning (NB) aerosols and quantify BB aerosol radiative forcing at two AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) sites in Huancayo (Peru) and La Paz (Bolivia) during 2015–2021. From AERONET data, we derive aerosol optical depth (AOD), Ångström exponent (AE), single-scattering albedo (SSA), and asymmetry parameter (ASY). We then employ the SBDART model to calculate aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) on monthly and multiannual timescales. BB aerosols peak in September (AOD: 0.230 at Huancayo; 0.235 at La Paz), while NB aerosols reach maxima in September at Huancayo (0.109) and November at La Paz (0.104). AE values exceeding unity for BB aerosols indicate fine-mode dominance. Huancayo exhibited the highest BB ARF in November: +16.4 W m−2 at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), –18.6 W m−2 at the surface (BOA), and +35.1 W m−2 within the atmospheric column (ATM). This was driven by elevated AOD and high scattering efficiency. At La Paz, where SSA data was only available for September, BBARF values were also significant (+15.16 at TOA, –17.52 at BOA, and +32.73 W m−2 within the ATM). This result underscores the importance of quantifying the ARF, particularly over South America where data is scarce.
Simulating Stratiform Precipitation With Embedded Convection in High‐Elevation Valleys Using LES: The Role of Topographic Detail
(John Wiley and Sons, 2025-12-16) Chávez, Steven Paul; Flores Rojas, José Luis; Takahashi, Ken; Silva Vidal, Yamina
Precipitation dynamics in high‐elevation valleys of the central Andes are strongly modulated by complex terrain, which alters local circulation and cloud development. Here, we use the Cloud Model 1 (CM1) in large‐eddy simulation (LES) mode with a two‐moment microphysics scheme to examine the role of topographic detail on the spatial distribution of precipitation in the Mantaro Valley, Peru. Three terrain resolutions (450, 1,050, and 1,650 m) were tested under identical thermodynamic conditions derived from in situ soundings. In all cases, anabatic winds transported moisture upslope, but the fine‐resolution case generated larger amounts of ice, snow, and graupel within vortical structures, yielding rainfall that matched Ka‐band radar reflectivity profiles. In contrast, smoother terrains delayed cloud formation by 30–60 min and reduced ice‐phase particle production, confining precipitation to the eastern slopes. Wind vortex analysis revealed smaller upper level eddies (above 2 km AGL) in the high‐resolution case, promoting enhanced mixing and hydrometeor growth. These results demonstrate that subtle variations in terrain detail critically influence convection and stratiform precipitation processes in Andean valleys, underscoring the need for subkilometer representation of topography in high‐mountain rainfall modeling.
Inversion of magnetotelluric data for the characterization of geothermal structures in the Paucarani zone, Tacna, Peru
(Elsevier, 2025-10-01) Álvarez, Yovana; Régis, Cícero; Gomes Castelo Branco, Raimundo Mariano; Cruz Pauccara, Vicentina
The region of Paucarani zone, Tacna (Peru) is formed mainly by mountains, hills, and volcanoes, in addition to wetlands. It is mainly composed of dasitic and andesitic rocks from the Holocene. The regional structural geology is characterized by fault planes in the NW–SE direction, which correspond to the fault system of Apurimac-Caylloma-Maure. This research work presents models of the geoelectrical structure after the analysis, processing, inversion, and interpretation of magnetotelluric data collected in the geothermal area of Paucarani, in order to determine areas of high electrical conductivity that are generally associated with anomalous temperatures, which are of great interest for the possible generation of geothermal energy. The data were acquired by the Instituto Geológico Minero Metalúrgico of Perú in the 2017 campaign covering an area of 120 km2. Forty-three longband MT soundings with frequencies ranging from 10−3 Hz to 103 Hz were processed and distributed in 9 NE–SW profiles. The distribution of soundings was conditioned by the varied topography. Data processing required several steps, such as the determination of apparent impedances, dimensionality analysis using the WALDIM method, strike analysis from geological (regional faults) and geophysical (magnetic prospecting) information. After processing the raw data, the 2D inversion was performed using the WinGlink software. This program builds a geoelectric model from data inversion by iterative processes and smoothness constraints from an initial model that is composed of a mesh with a given resistivity. As a product of all these steps, geoelectrical sections were generated capable of identifying resistivity variations throughout the study area. The results indicate that the most conductive zones, of greatest interest for the study of geothermal sources, are located in the western part of the study area.
Boletín sísmico mensual (enero 2026)
(Instituto Geofísico del Perú, 2026-01) Instituto Geofísico del Perú
Durante el mes de enero de 2026, el Centro Sismológico Nacional (CENSIS) reportó la ocurrencia de 57 sismos con epicentros en el borde occidental y dentro del territorio peruano.