Evidence of nonlinear Walker circulation feedbacks on extreme El Niño Pacific diversity: observations and CMIP5 models

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dc.contributor.authorSulca Jota, Juan Carlos
dc.date.accessioned2021-02-11T17:43:42Z
dc.date.available2021-02-11T17:43:42Z
dc.date.issued2021-04
dc.description.abstractThe Walker circulation (WC) is essential for the formation and diversity of El Niño events. However, the nonlinear WC feedback during extreme Central and Eastern El Niño episodes (C and E episodes, respectively) has received little attention. This study used observational datasets and the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) and historical simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Eight out of 21 historical models that simulate the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) nonlinearity also simulate the nonlinear Bjerknes feedback in C and E episodes. The opposite does not necessarily occur. However, the underestimation of E might limit the empirical determination. Moreover, few historical models simulate the shallow conditional instability of the second kind (CISK) mechanism. Positive C episodes feature an eastward shift in the ascending branch of the Pacific Walker cell (PWC), while shallow convection prevails over the far eastern Pacific (FEP). Positive E events feature two anomalous ascending branches located over the central-western Pacific (170°W) and FEP (80°W). Positive anomalies in sea surface temperature over the FEP induce the second ascending branch. The positive stratification anomaly in the central Pacific Ocean, which is associated with overestimated Ekman feedback, limits the eastward displacement of the first ascending branch of the PWC. The net surface heat flux determines the duration of growth of the two ascending branches of the PWC during C and E events. Because of their coarse resolution, the historical models underestimate the positive stratification anomaly in the FEP, causing the quick demise of the second ascending branch.es_ES
dc.description.peer-reviewPor pareses_ES
dc.formatapplication/pdfes_ES
dc.identifier.citationSulca, J. (2021). Evidence of nonlinear Walker circulation feedbacks on extreme El Niño Pacific diversity: observations and CMIP5 models.==$International Journal of Climatology, 41$==(5), 2934-2961. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6998es_ES
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6998es_ES
dc.identifier.govdocindex-oti2018
dc.identifier.journalInternational Journal of Climatologyes_ES
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12816/4908
dc.language.isoenges_ES
dc.publisherWileyes_ES
dc.relation.ispartofurn:issn:0899-8418
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccesses_ES
dc.subjectCentral and eastern El Niñoes_ES
dc.subjectCMIP5 modelses_ES
dc.subjectNonlinear Bjerknes feedbackes_ES
dc.subjectPositive stratification anomalyes_ES
dc.subjectShallow CISK mechanismes_ES
dc.subjectWalker circulationes_ES
dc.subject.ocdehttps://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.09es_ES
dc.subject.ocdehttps://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.10es_ES
dc.titleEvidence of nonlinear Walker circulation feedbacks on extreme El Niño Pacific diversity: observations and CMIP5 modelses_ES
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlees_ES

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