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dc.contributor.author Akmaev, R. A.
dc.date.accessioned 2018-11-07T12:21:26Z
dc.date.available 2018-11-07T12:21:26Z
dc.date.issued 2011-11-12
dc.identifier.citation Akmaev, R. A. (2011). Whole atmosphere modeling: Connecting terrestrial and space weather.==$Reviews of Geophysics, 49$==(4), RG4004. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011RG000364 es_ES
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12816/3372
dc.description.abstract At the turn of the century R. G. Roble advanced an ambitious program of developing an atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) extending from the surface to the exosphere. He outlined several areas of research and application to potentially benefit from what is now commonly called whole atmosphere modeling. The purpose of this article is to introduce this new field to a broader geophysical community and document its progress over the last decade. Vertically extended models are commonly built from existing weather and climate GCM codes incorporating a number of approximations, which may no longer be valid. Promising directions of further model development, potential applications, and challenges are outlined. One application is space weather or day‐to‐day and seasonal variability in the ionosphere and thermosphere driven by meteorological processes from below. Various modes of connection between the lower and upper atmosphere had been known before, but new and sometimes unexpected observational evidence has emerged over the last decade. Persistent “nonmigrating” wavy structures in plasma and neutral densities and a dramatic response of the equatorial ionosphere to sudden warmings in the polar winter stratosphere are just two examples. Because large‐scale meteorological processes are predictable several days in advance, whole atmosphere weather prediction models open an opportunity for developing a real forecast capability for space weather. es_ES
dc.format application/pdf es_ES
dc.language.iso eng es_ES
dc.publisher American Geophysical Union es_ES
dc.relation.ispartof urn:issn:1944-9208
dc.rights info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess es_ES
dc.subject Ionosphere es_ES
dc.subject Numerical weather prediction es_ES
dc.subject Space weather es_ES
dc.subject Upper atmosphere es_ES
dc.title Whole atmosphere modeling: Connecting terrestrial and space weather es_ES
dc.type info:eu-repo/semantics/article es_ES
dc.subject.ocde http://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.01 es_ES
dc.identifier.journal Reviews of Geophysics es_ES
dc.description.peer-review Por pares es_ES
dc.identifier.doi https://doi.org/10.1029/2011RG000364 es_ES

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