Browsing by Author "Vesnin, A. M."

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemOpen Access
    Assimilation of sparse continuous near-earth weather measurements by NECTAR model morphing
    (American Geophysical Union, 2020-11) Galkin, I. A.; Reinisch, B. W.; Vesnin, A. M.; Bilitza, D.; Fridman, S.; Habarulema, J. B.; Veliz, Oscar
    Non-linear Error Compensation Technique with Associative Restoration (NECTAR) is a novel approach to the assimilation of fragmentary sensor data to produce a global nowcast of the near-Earth space weather. NECTAR restores missing information by iteratively transforming (“morphing”) an underlying global climatology model into agreement with currently available sensor data. The morphing procedure benefits from analysis of the inherent multiscale diurnal periodicity of the geosystems by processing 24-hr time histories of the differences between measured and climate-expected values at each sensor site. The 24-hr deviation time series are used to compute and then globally interpolate the diurnal deviation harmonics. NECTAR therefore views the geosystem in terms of its periodic planetary-scale basis to associate observed fragments of the activity with the grand-scale weather processes of the matching variability scales. Such approach strengthens the restorative capability of the assimilation, specifically when only a limited number of observatories is available for the weather nowcast. Scenarios where the NECTAR concept works best are common in planetary-scale near-Earth weather applications, especially where sensor instrumentation is complex, expensive, and therefore scarce. To conduct the assimilation process, NECTAR employs a Hopfield feedback recurrent neural network commonly used in the associative memory architectures. Associative memories mimic human capability to restore full information from its initial fragments. When applied to the sparse spatial data, such a neural network becomes a nonlinear multiscale interpolator of missing information. Early tests of the NECTAR morphing reveal its enhanced capability to predict system dynamics over no-data regions (spatial interpolation).
    Palabras clave:Data assimilationDiurnal harmonic analysisHopfield networks
  • Thumbnail Image
    ItemRestricted
    Numerical modeling of ionospheric effects in the middle‐ and low‐latitude F region during geomagnetic storm sequence of 9-14 September 2005
    (American Geophysical Union, 2011-05-27) Klimenko, M. V.; Klimenko, V. V.; Ratovsky, K. G.; Goncharenko, L. P.; Sahai, Y.; Fagundes, P. R.; Jesus, R. de; Abreu, A. J. de; Vesnin, A. M.
    This study presents the Global Self‐Consistent Model of the Thermosphere, Ionosphere and Protonosphere (GSM TIP) numerical simulations of the 9–14 September 2005 geomagnetic storm effects in the middle‐ and low‐latitude ionosphere. Recent modifications to the GSM TIP model include adding an empirical model of high‐energy electron precipitation and introducing a high‐resolution (1 min) calculation of region 2 field‐aligned currents and a cross‐cap potential difference. These modifications resulted in better representation of such effects as penetration of the magnetospheric convection electric field to lower latitudes and the overshielding. The model also includes simulation of solar flare effects. Comparison of model results with observational data at Millstone Hill (42.6°N, 71.5°W, USA), Arecibo (18.3°N, 66.8°W, Puerto Rico), Jicamarca (11.9°S, 76.9°W, Peru), Palmas (10.2°S, 48.2°W, Brazil), and San Jose Campos (23.2°S, 45.9°W, Brazil) shows good agreement of ionospheric disturbances caused by this storm sequence. In this paper we consider in detail the formation mechanism of the additional layers in an equatorial ionosphere during geomagnetic storms. During geomagnetic storms, the nonuniform in height zonal electric field is generated at the geomagnetic equator. This electric field forms the additional layers in the F region of equatorial ionosphere.
    Palabras clave:F3 layerGeomagnetic stormIonosphere