Browsing by Author "Purca, S."
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Item Restricted Change in El Niño flavours over 1958-2008: implications for the long-term trend of the upwelling off Peru(Elsevier, 2012-11-15) Dewitte, Boris; Vazquez-Cuervo, J.; Goubanova, Katerina; Illig, Serena; Takahashi, Ken; Cambon, G.; Purca, S.; Correa, D.; Gutierrez, D.; Sifeddine, A.; Ortlieb, L.The tropical Pacific variability has experienced changes in its characteristics over the last decades. In particular, there is some evidence of an increased occurrence of El Niño events in the central Pacific (a.k.a. ‘Central Pacific El Niño’ (CP El Niño) or ‘El Niño Modoki’), in contrast with the cold tongue or Eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño which develops in the eastern Pacific. Here we show that the different flavours of El Niño imply a contrasted Equatorial Kelvin Wave (EKW) characteristic and that their rectification on the mean upwelling condition off Peru through oceanic teleconnection is changed when the CP El Niño frequency of occurrence increases. The Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) reanalysis product is first used to document the seasonal evolution of the EKW during CP and EP El Niño. It is shown that the strong positive asymmetry of ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) is mostly reflected into the EKW activity of the EP El Niño whereas during CP El Niño, the EKW is negatively skewed in the eastern Pacific. Along with slightly cooler conditions off Peru (shallow thermocline) during CP El Niño, this is favourable for the accumulation of cooler SST anomalies along the coast by the remotely forced coastal Kelvin wave. Such a process is observed in a high-resolution regional model of the Humboldt Current system using the SODA outputs as boundary conditions. In particular the model simulates a cooling trend of the SST off Peru although the wind stress forcing has no trend. The model is further used to document the vertical structure along the coast during the two types of El Niño. It is suggested that the increased occurrence of the CP El Niño may also lead to a reduction of mesoscale activity off Peru.Item Open Access Las diversas facetas de El Niño y sus efectos en la costa del Perú(Institut de Recherche pour l'Développement (IRD), 2014) Dewitte, B; Takahashi, Ken; Goubanova, K.; Montecinos, Aldo; Mosquera Vásquez, Kobi Alberto; Illig, S.; Montes Torres, Ivonne; Paulmier, A.; Garçon, V.; Purca, S.; Flores, R.; Bourrel, L.; Rau, P.; Labat, D.; Lavado, W.; Espinoza, Jhan CarloEl fenómeno El Niño es el modo dominante de la variabilidad interanual en el Océano Pacífico, resultando de un proceso de interacción entre el océano y la atmósfera en el Pacífico Tropical. Las últimas investigaciones demuestran que existen varias facetas de este fenómeno que varían según las modalidades de interacción entre el océano y la atmosfera así como sus ubicaciones. Existen por lo menos dos tipos de El Niño, con expresiones diferentes sobre la Temperatura Superficial del Mar en el Pacifico Tropical y en la costa de Perú: uno que se desarrolla en el Pacifico Central (tiende a estar asociado a condiciones oceánicas más frías que favorecen el estado árido de la costa peruana y condiciones oceánicas hypóxicas), y otro que se desarrolla en el Pacifico Este (que transforma la costa peruana en una "típica" zona tropical, caracterizada por aguas costeras calientes y oxigenadas, y una lluvia intensa). Hoy en día, los esfuerzos de investigación para entender los mecanismos involucrados en los diferentes tipos de El Niño han sido reforzados, dado que, en las últimas décadas, se ha incrementado la frecuencia de ocurrencia de estos eventos en el Pacifico Central, sugiriéndose que podría ser una consecuencia del cambio climático. El perfeccionamiento de los modelos regionales acoplados tanto océano - atmosfera como océano - biogeoquímico, tiene como objetivo mejorar la comprensión de la vulnerabilidad de la biósfera peruana al cambio climático y proponer un paradigma que represente la bimodalidad de la variabilidad interanual en el Pacifico Tropical.Item Open Access Modes of covariability between sea surface temperature and wind stress intraseasonal anomalies along the coast of Peru from satellite observations (2000–2008)(American Geophysical Union (AGU), 2011-04) Dewitte, Boris; Illig, Serena; Renault, L.; Goubanova, Katerina; Takahashi, Ken; Gushchina, D.; Mosquera Vásquez, Kobi Alberto; Purca, S.The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager sea surface temperature (SST) and QuikSCAT wind stress satellite data are used to investigate the intraseasonal upwelling variability along the coat of Peru over the period 2000–2008. Two regions of peak variance correspond to the central Peru region (Pisco region, 15°S) and the northern Peru region (Piura region, 5°S). A covariance analysis reveals a significant coherency between winds and SST anomalies off Pisco, consistent with Ekman pumping and transport dynamics. The upwelling cell consists in a meridionally extended fringe of colder (warmer) water extending as far as 250 km from the coast at 15°S. In the Piura region, the intraseasonal covariability pattern is represented by two modes, one relevant to the direct Ekman dynamics and the other one associated with the remote forcing of intraseasonal oceanic Kelvin wave. Two regimes of variability are evidenced. A low‐period regime (10–25 days) is the signature of Ekman transport/pumping dynamics and is remotely forced by the migratory atmospheric disturbances across the southeastern Pacific anticyclone. A high‐period regime (35–60 day band) is associated with the combined forcing of oceanic equatorial Kelvin waves and migratory atmospheric disturbances in the midlatitudes. In particular, the modes of covariability exhibit a prominent ∼50 day period energy peak. It is shown that this period arises from the impact of the first two baroclinic modes Kelvin wave, with the second baroclinic mode Kelvin wave being more influential on the Piura region.