Browsing by Author "Novello, Valdir Felipe"
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Item Restricted Climate change and cultural resilience in late pre-Columbian Amazonia(Springer Nature, 2019-06-17) De Souza, Jonas Gregorio; Robinson, Mark; Maezumi, S. Yoshi; Capriles, José; Hoggarth, Julie A.; Lombardo, Umberto; Novello, Valdir Felipe; Apaéstegui Campos, James Emiliano; Whitney, Bronwen; Urrego, Dunia; Travassos Alves, Daiana; Rostain, Stephen; Power, Mitchell J.; Mayle, Francis E.; Da Cruz Jr, Francisco William; Hooghiemstra, Henry; Iriarte, JoséThe long-term response of ancient societies to climate change has been a matter of global debate. Until recently, the lack of integrative studies using archaeological, palaeoecological and palaeoclimatological data prevented an evaluation of the relationship between climate change, distinct subsistence strategies and cultural transformations across the largest rainforest of the world, Amazonia. Here we review the most relevant cultural changes seen in the archaeological record of six different regions within Greater Amazonia during late pre-Columbian times. We compare the chronology of those cultural transitions with high-resolution regional palaeoclimate proxies, showing that, while some societies faced major reorganization during periods of climate change, others were unaffected and even flourished. We propose that societies with intensive, specialized land-use systems were vulnerable to transient climate change. In contrast, land-use systems that relied primarily on polyculture agroforestry, resulting in the formation of enriched forests and fertile Amazonian dark earth in the long term, were more resilient to climate change.Item Restricted Investigating δ¹³C values in stalagmites from tropical South America for the last two millennia(Elsevier, 2021-03-01) Novello, Valdir Felipe; William da Cruz, Francisco; Vuille, Mathias; Pereira Silveira Campos, José Leandro; Stríkis, Nicolás Misailidis; Apaéstegui Campos, James Emiliano; Moquet, Jean Sebastien; Azevedo, Vitor; Ampuero, Angela; Utida, Giselle; Wang, Xianfeng; Paula-Santos, Gustavo Macedo; Jaqueto, Plinio; Ruiz Pessenda, Luiz Carlos; Breecker, Daniel O.; Karmann, IvoDue to the many factors controlling δ¹³C values in stalagmites, complicating their paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental interpretation, most studies do not present δ¹³C values, but instead focus mainly on δ¹⁸O values. This is also the case for most cave studies from tropical South America, where many new δ¹⁸O stalagmite records covering the last millennia were recently published. Here, we review the δ¹³C values in stalagmites, investigating the influence on this proxy of local hydroclimate, altitude, temperature and vegetation types, by employing a new dataset composed of published and unpublished carbon isotope records from various sites in tropical South America. The main factors influencing δ¹³C values are associated with the local hydroclimate, followed by minor effects from temperature. Most of the isotopic records show a significant correlation between the δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O values, indicating a close relationship between local hydroclimate and atmospheric convective processes related to the South American Monsoon System.