Browsing by Author "Breitburg, Denise"
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Item Open Access A global ocean oxygen database and atlas for assessing and predicting deoxygenation and ocean health in the open and coastal ocean(Frontiers Media, 2021-12-21) Grégoire, Marilaure; Garçon, Véronique; Garcia, Hernan; Breitburg, Denise; Isensee, Kirsten; Oschlies, Andreas; Telszewski, Maciej; Barth, Alexander; Bittig, Henry C.; Carstensen, Jacob; Carval, Thierry; Chai, Fei; Chavez, Francisco; Conley, Daniel; Coppola, Laurent; Crowe, Sean; Currie, Kim; Dai, Minhan; Deflandre, Bruno; Dewitte, Boris; Diaz, Robert; Garcia-Robledo, Emilio; Gilbert, Denis; Giorgetti, Alessandra; Glud, Ronnie; Gutierrez, Dimitri; Hosoda, Shigeki; Ishii, Masao; Jacinto, Gil; Langdon, Chris; Lauvset, Siv K.; Levin, Lisa A.; Limburg, Karin E.; Mehrtens, Hela; Montes Torres, Ivonne; Naqvi, Wajih; Paulmier, Aurélien; Pfeil, Benjamin; Pitcher, Grant; Pouliquen, Sylvie; Rabalais, Nancy; Rabouille, Christophe; Recape, Virginie; Roman, Michaël; Rose, Kenneth; Rudnick, Daniel; Rummer, Jodie; Schmechtig, Catherine; Schmidtko, Sunke; Seibel, Brad; Slomp, Caroline; Sumalia, U. Rashid; Tanhua, Toste; Thierry, Virginie; Uchida, Hiroshi; Wanninkhof, Rik; Yasuhara, MoriakiIn this paper, we outline the need for a coordinated international effort toward the building of an open-access Global Ocean Oxygen Database and ATlas (GO₂DAT) complying with the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable). GO₂DAT will combine data from the coastal and open ocean, as measured by the chemical Winkler titration method or by sensors (e.g., optodes, electrodes) from Eulerian and Lagrangian platforms (e.g., ships, moorings, profiling floats, gliders, ships of opportunities, marine mammals, cabled observatories). GO₂DAT will further adopt a community-agreed, fully documented metadata format and a consistent quality control (QC) procedure and quality flagging (QF) system. GO₂DAT will serve to support the development of advanced data analysis and biogeochemical models for improving our mapping, understanding and forecasting capabilities for ocean O₂ changes and deoxygenation trends. It will offer the opportunity to develop quality-controlled data synthesis products with unprecedented spatial (vertical and horizontal) and temporal (sub-seasonal to multi-decadal) resolution. These products will support model assessment, improvement and evaluation as well as the development of climate and ocean health indicators. They will further support the decision-making processes associated with the emerging blue economy, the conservation of marine resources and their associated ecosystem services and the development of management tools required by a diverse community of users (e.g., environmental agencies, aquaculture, and fishing sectors). A better knowledge base of the spatial and temporal variations of marine O₂ will improve our understanding of the ocean O₂ budget, and allow better quantification of the Earth’s carbon and heat budgets. With the ever-increasing need to protect and sustainably manage ocean services, GO₂DAT will allow scientists to fully harness the increasing volumes of O₂ data already delivered by the expanding global ocean observing system and enable smooth incorporation of much higher quantities of data from autonomous platforms in the open ocean and coastal areas into comprehensive data products in the years to come. This paper aims at engaging the community (e.g., scientists, data managers, policy makers, service users) toward the development of GO₂DAT within the framework of the UN Global Ocean Oxygen Decade (GOOD) program recently endorsed by IOC-UNESCO. A roadmap toward GO₂DAT is proposed highlighting the efforts needed (e.g., in terms of human resources).Item Restricted Declining oxygen in the global ocean and coastal waters(American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2018-01-05) Breitburg, Denise; Levin, Lisa A.; Oschlies, Andreas; Grégoire, Marilaure; Chavez, Francisco P.; Conley, Daniel J.; Garçon, Véronique; Gilbert, Denis; Gutiérrez, Dimitri; Isensee, Kirsten; Jacinto, Gil S.; Limburg, Karin E.; Montes Torres, Ivonne; Naqvi, S. W. A.; Pitcher, Grant C.; Rabalais, Nancy N.; Roman, Michael R.; Rose, Kenneth A.; Seibel, Brad A.; Telszewski, Maciej; Yasuhara, Moriaki; Zhang, JingOxygen is fundamental to life. Not only is it essential for the survival of individual animals, but it regulates global cycles of major nutrients and carbon. The oxygen content of the open ocean and coastal waters has been declining for at least the past half-century, largely because of human activities that have increased global temperatures and nutrients discharged to coastal waters. These changes have accelerated consumption of oxygen by microbial respiration, reduced solubility of oxygen in water, and reduced the rate of oxygen resupply from the atmosphere to the ocean interior, with a wide range of biological and ecological consequences. Further research is needed to understand and predict long-term, global- and regional-scale oxygen changes and their effects on marine and estuarine fisheries and ecosystems.Item Open Access Multidisciplinary observing in the World Ocean’s Oxygen Minimum Zone regions: from climate to fish-The VOICE initiative(Frontiers Media, 2019-12-05) Garçon, Véronique; Karstensen, Johannes; Palacz, Artur; Telszewski, Maciej; Aparco Lara, Tony; Breitburg, Denise; Chavez, Francisco; Coelho, Paulo; Cornejo-D’Ottone, Marcela; Santos, Carmen; Fiedler, Björn; Gallo, Natalya D.; Grégoire, Marilaure; Gutierrez, Dimitri; Hernandez-Ayon, Martin; Isensee, Kirsten; Koslow, Tony; Levin, Lisa; Marsac, Francis; Maske, Helmut; Mbaye, Baye C.; Montes Torres, Ivonne; Naqvi, Wajih; Pearlman, Jay; Pinto, Edwin; Pitcher, Grant; Pizarro, Oscar; Rose, Kenneth; Shenoy, Damodar; Van der Plas, Anja; Vito, Melo R.; Weng, KevinMultidisciplinary ocean observing activities provide critical ocean information to satisfy ever-changing socioeconomic needs and require coordinated implementation. The upper oxycline (transition between high and low oxygen waters) is fundamentally important for the ecosystem structure and can be a useful proxy for multiple observing objectives connected to eastern boundary systems (EBSs) that neighbor oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). The variability of the oxycline and its impact on the ecosystem (VOICE) initiative demonstrates how societal benefits drive the need for integration and optimization of biological, biogeochemical, and physical components of regional ocean observing related to EBS. In liaison with the Global Ocean Oxygen Network, VOICE creates a roadmap toward observation-model syntheses for a comprehensive understanding of selected oxycline-dependent objectives. Local to global effects, such as habitat compression or deoxygenation trends, prompt for comprehensive observing of the oxycline on various space and time scales, and for an increased awareness of its impact on ecosystem services. Building on the Framework for Ocean Observing (FOO), we present a first readiness level assessment for ocean observing of the oxycline in EBS. This was to determine current ocean observing design and future needs in EBS regions (e.g., the California Current System, the Equatorial Eastern Pacific off Ecuador, the Peru–Chile Current system, the Northern Benguela off Namibia, etc.) building on the FOO strategy. We choose regional champions to assess the ocean observing design elements proposed in the FOO, namely, requirement processes, coordination of observational elements, and data management and information products and the related best practices. The readiness level for the FOO elements was derived for each EBS through a similar and very general ad hoc questionnaire. Despite some weaknesses in the questionnaire design and its completion, an assessment was achievable. We found that fisheries and ecosystem management are a societal requirement for all regions, but maturity levels of observational elements and data management and information products differ substantially. Identification of relevant stakeholders, developing strategies for readiness level improvements, and building and sustaining infrastructure capacity to implement these strategies are fundamental milestones for the VOICE initiative over the next 2–5 years and beyond.Item Restricted System controls of coastal and open ocean oxygen depletion(Elsevier, 2021-09-09) Pitcher, Grant C.; Aguirre-Velarde, Arturo; Breitburg, Denise; Cardich, Jorge; Carstensen, Jacob; Conley, Daniel J.; Dewitte, Boris; Engel, Anja; Espinoza-Morriberón, Dante; Flores, Georgina; Garçon, Véronique; Graco, Michelle; Grégoire, Marilaure; Gutiérrez, Dimitri; Hernandez-Ayon, José Martin; Huang, Huai-Hsuan May; Isensee, Kirsten; Jacinto, María Elena; Levin, Lisa; Lorenzo, Alberto; Machu, Eric; Merma, Lander; Montes Torres, Ivonne; Naqvi, S. W. A.; Paulmier, Aurelien; Roman, Michael; Rose, Kenneth; Hood, Raleigh; Rabalais, Nancy N.; Salvanves, Anne Gro V.; Salvatteci, Renato; Sánchez, Sonia; Sifeddine, Abdelfettah; Tall, Abdoul Wahab; van der Plas, Anja K.; Yasuhara, Moriaki; Zhang, Jing; Zhu, Z. Y.The epoch of the Anthropocene, a period during which human activity has been the dominant influence on climate and the environment, has witnessed a decline in oxygen concentrations and an expansion of oxygen-depleted environments in both coastal and open ocean systems since the middle of the 20th century. This paper provides a review of system-specific drivers of low oxygen in a range of case studies representing marine systems in the open ocean, on continental shelves, in enclosed seas and in the coastal environment. Identification of similar and contrasting responses within and across system types and corresponding oxygen regimes is shown to be informative both in understanding and isolating key controlling processes and provides a sound basis for predicting change under anticipated future conditions. Case studies were selected to achieve a balance in system diversity and global coverage. Each case study describes system attributes, including the present-day oxygen environment and known trends in oxygen concentrations over time. Central to each case study is the identification of the physical and biogeochemical processes that determine oxygen concentrations through the tradeoff between ventilation and respiration. Spatial distributions of oxygen and time series of oxygen data provide the opportunity to identify trends in oxygen availability and have allowed various drivers of low oxygen to be distinguished through correlative and causative relationships. Deoxygenation results from a complex interplay of hydrographic and biogeochemical processes and the superposition of these processes, some additive and others subtractive, makes attribution to any particular driver challenging. System-specific models are therefore required to achieve a quantitative understanding of these processes and of the feedbacks between processes at varying scales.