El fenómeno El Niño es el modo dominante de la variabilidad interanual en el Océano Pacífico, resultando de un proceso de interacción entre el océano y la atmósfera en el Pacífico Tropical. Las últimas investigaciones demuestran que existen varias facetas de este fenómeno que varían según las modalidades ...

Radiative frosts are a major hazard to agriculture in the tropical Andes of Peru, but there are very few studies of their physical controls. In this study we focus on identifying and approximately estimating the effect that physical variables have on both the downward surface longwave flux (LW↓) and ...

This article proposes a modification to the standard forcing–feedback diagnostic energy balance model to account for 1) differences between effective and equilibrium climate sensitivities and 2) the variation of effective sensitivity over time in climate change experiments with coupled atmosphere–ocean ...

The original concept of El Niño consisted of anomalously high sea surface temperature and heavy rainfall along the arid northern coast of Peru (Carranza 1891; Carrillo 1893). The concept evolved into the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO; Bjerknes 1969), although the original El Niño and the Southern ...

The Andes/Amazon transition is among the rainiest regions of the world and the interactions between large‐scale circulation and the topography that determine its complex rainfall distribution remain poorly known. This work provides an in‐depth analysis of the spatial distribution, variability, and ...