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Item Open Access Características de la actividad sísmica observada en la región del volcán Ticsani (Moquegua) en 2014(Instituto Geofísico del Perú, 2014) Cruz Igme, John EdwardEl volcán Ticsani (16°45'3"S, 70°36'13“O 5133 msnm) es un estrato volcán perteneciente a la Zona Volcánica Central de los Andes. Se encuentra ubicado a 60 km al noreste de la ciudad de Moquegua, constituido por un complejo de domos (D1, D2, D3) de lavas andesíticas a dacíticas y una caldera de destrucción. La más reciente erupción del volcán Ticsani ocurrió hace menos de 400 años (Siebert et al., 2010), con un IEV entre 2 y 3 de tipo freatomagmática; en esta ocasión se emplazó el domo D3. El año 2014, el OVS-IGP decidió efectuar un estudio de la actividad sísmica, así como iniciar el monitoreo permanente del volcán Ticsani, para lo cual instaló una red de 5 estaciones sísmicas temporales (SOQ, PAL, CHT, HTR y TCN) en colaboración con la Universidad de Liverpool. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron sensores Lennartz LE-3D /1S LITE (1 Hz y 3C), 4 digitalizadores DATA CUBE3 y un digitalizador Guralp DM-24, dispuestos en un radio de 25 km del volcán. Los datos corresponden al periodo del 01 de mayo al 29 de setiembre del 2014.Item Open Access La ciencia y la gestión de tsunamis en el Perú(Instituto Geofísico del Perú, 2012) Instituto Geofísico del PerúUn tsunami es una serie de olas de gran longitud generadas por diferentes mecanismos violentos capaces de perturbar el equilibrio normal del mar. La repentina y violenta deformación vertical del fondo marino, generado por terremotos submarinos, es el mecanismo más común de generación de tsunamis en Perú y el mundo …Item Open Access Daytime vertical and zonal velocities from 150-km echoes over Jicamarca(Instituto Geofísico del Perú, Radio Observatorio de Jicamarca, 2004-06-27) Chau Chong Shing, Jorge Luis; Woodman Pollitt, Ronald Francisco; Scipión, DannyDoppler velocities of 150-km echoes represents the vertical ExB drift velocities at F region altitudes. 150-km observations represent and excelent mean of monitoring the electric fields at equatorial latitudes. Low power observations of 150-km echoes using the JULIA system have been carried out almost continuosly since August 2001 at Jicamarca [e.g., Anderson et al., 2004]. Most of the observations have been done pointing perpendiculat to the magnetic fiel (B) in the magnetic meridian, allowing the measurement of the vertical component of the ExB drift.Item Open Access Dendrochronological laboratory for studies relate to ENSO events in the tropical zone of South-America(Instituto Geofísico del Perú, 1999) Rodriguez, Rodolfo; Mabres, Antonio; Flores, Luis; Woodman Pollitt, Ronald Francisco; Luckman, Brian H.The Collaborative Research Network (CRN) project the assessment of present, past and future climate variability in the Americas from freeline environments, currently under development by institutions of Argentina, Bolivia, Canada, Chile and United State. The goal of this CRN project is the recovery of tree-ring records of past climate from freelines sits along the cordillera between Alaska and Tierra del Fuego. It will be used to reconstruct the major made of interhemispheric climate variability for the past centuries free-ring reconstruction of precipitation and temperature will allow delailed study of local and regional climate variability, how it changes with latitude and is linked to the major elements of ocean and global circulation, through a proposal to the program to expand capacity in the Americas (PESCA) of inter-American Institute for Global change Research (IAI) a very and critical area of South-America has been incorporate to such as studies.Item Open Access Dendrochronological studies in the Peruvian north coast relate to ENSO(Instituto Geofísico del Perú, 2000) Rodríguez, R.; Mabres, A.; Flores, L.A.; Woodman Pollitt, Ronald FranciscoDendrochronological studies in the peruvian nort coast to find records of past El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events began an the ale 80's. The peruvian north coast is the west-most area of South America, close to equator (05o S 80o W) and to the Sechura desert, is a very sensitive area to the climatic changes due to ENSO. An initial selection of several regional trees have been done for study. The study includes phenological observations and tree ring characteristics analysis as well as racial growth control of tree trunks and branches. The species more intensively studied and suitable to fina records due to the ENSO are Palo Santo, Hualtaco and Sapote.Item Open Access Development of the new Jicamarca Acquisition Radar System: JARS(Instituto Geofísico del Perú, 2010) Abad, Rita; Inoñán, M.; Yanque, R.; Chau Chong Shing, Jorge LuisThe need for high-precision radar measurements of the upper atmosphere has motivated the development of new acquisition systems at the Jicamarca Radio Observatory (JRO). Digital receivers have replaced the old analog receivers, providing higher dynamic range, faster sampling rates, and more flexibility in configuration. At JRO, off-the-shelf Digitals Receivers (Echotek GC214) are used, but they are not as flexible as we need, so we decided to develop our own digital receiver system. The first prototype we built was a two-channel data acquisition system (REX-2X). The system was finished in 2008 and it has been used to modernize the SOUSY radar at Jicamarca. In 2009, after the experience gained from REX-2X, a new project was started. An eight-channel acquisition system named JARS (Jicamarca Acquisition Radar System) was designed.Item Open Access Diseño de un sistema de adquisición de 08 canales para aplicaciones de estudio atmosférico(Instituto Geofísico del Perú, 2010) Abad, Rita; Inoñan, MarcosEl interés por el estudio de la atmósfera ha generado el desarrollo de un sistema de radar cada vez mas sotisficado. Actualmente, los radares operan con un sistema de adquisición basado en receptores digitales, los cuales superan en ventajas a los receptores analógicos, además del ahorro de espacio pues un receptor digital es un circuito integrado DSP. Debido a las características de los receptores digitales se logra diseñar un sistema de adquisición multicanal, el cual por las diferentes opciones a realizar se opta por utilizar dispositivos lógicos programables CPLD’s, los cuales están encargados de la lógica de control del sistema. El sistema tiene un protocolo el cual rige el software, el firmware y hardware, para una comunicación entre el sistema de adquisición y el usuario. Elsistema "Jicamarca Acquisition Radar System" (JARS) transfiere sus datos a una computadora por medio de una tarjeta de Adquisición NIDAQ-6534 de National Instruments, para ello, NI ofrece un conjunto de librerías en lenguaje C para el desarrollo de aplicaciones que la puedan controlar . El programa de adquisición se desarrolló en lenguaje C++ usando el entorno de Visual Studio 2008.Item Open Access Disruptions in the hydrothermal water geochemistry inside Misti volcano in coincidence with the 8.4 Mw earthquake of June 23rd, 2001, in southern Peru(Instituto Geofísico del Perú, 2001) Cruz, Vicentina; Finizola, Anthony; Macedo Sánchez, Orlando Efraín; Sortino, FrancescoMisti volcano (16°18'S, 71°24'W and 5822 in elevation) is located 17 km from Arequipa (-800000 inhabitants). It is characterized by two concentric summit craters. The youngest one hold lava dome, 130m wide, with fumarolic activity and temperature higuer than 200°C, geochemical techniques turn out to be very effective for the monitoring of active volcanoes. The ascent of a magmatic gases and their interactions with aquifers induce changes in the chemical composition and physical properties of the waters that can be sampled at the surface.The geochemical monitoring of the Misti volcano began in 1998 with a systematic sampling of the hot spring of "Charcani V", located to 6 Km of the active crater at 2960 meters in elevation.Item Open Access Equatorial zonal electric fields during the 2002-2003 sudden stratospheric warming event(Instituto Geofísico del Perú, 2009) Olson, Michael E.; Fejer, B. G.; Stolle, C.; Chau Chong Shing, Jorge Luis; Goncharenko, L. P.For nearly fifty years, the Jicamarca Radio Observatory (11.95°S, 76.87°W, 2°N dip latitude) near Lima, Peru, has measured ionospheric plasma drifts. Over the last ten years, measurements of plasma drift velocities have also been measured using radar observations of the equatorial 150 km altitude región (Kudeki and Fawcett, 1993; Chau and Woodman, 2004).Item Open Access Evaluation of topside equatorial spread F spectra estimators using Monte Carlo simulations(Instituto Geofísico del Perú, 2008) Galindo, F. R.; Kuyeng, K. M.; Chau Chong Shing, Jorge Luis; Hysell, D. L.Radar observations typically employ periodic pulses to study any target. This scheme allows a simple processing of the data but the results frequently shows range or frequency aliasing. In order to solve this problem Uppala and Sahr [1] introduced the aperiodic technique (AT) in the radio science community. The AT is based on transmitting pulses at non uniform intervals and allows to study moderately overspread targets. Some equatorial Spread F (ESF) echoes belong to this category, particularly those from the topside. Using this idea Jicamarca Radio Observatory (JRO) has done a couple of experiments to study ESF echoes. Chau et al [2] used the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to compute spectra from those experiments and developed some criteria to remove clutter due to the aperiodic sequence. A second scheme of work was introduced by Hysell et al [3] and this scheme uses a Bayesian method to compute the spectra. Continuing this line of research a Monte Carlo simulations of typical echoes from equatorial ionospheric irregularities as well as ground clutter has been done to evaluate different aperiodic pulsing and inversion techniques to estimate the spectra or its corresponding AutoCorrelation Function (ACF). Our main objective is the estimation of the moderately overspread topside equatorial spread F (ESF) spectra. The optimal spectra estimators combined with radar imaging techniques might represent the unique means to estimate the irregularity power and energy spectral density versus wavenumber from the ground.Item Open Access Exploring the correlation between ionospheric scintillation and GNSS positioning error near the magnetic equator using machine learning techniques(Instituto Geofísico del Perú, 2020-06) Fajardo, G.; Pacheco, Edgardo E.Ionospheric scintillations are a common phenomenon in the equatorial ionosphere. This phenomenon directly affects the position estimated by GNSS receivers degrading the quality of the radio signals; however, the quantification of the positioning error contributed by the ionosphere over the Peruvian sector has not been studied in detail. In this work, algorithms are being implemented that will allow us to identify and classify amplitude scintillation (S4) levels, we have worked with data from the Huancayo Observatory for the period December 2016-February 2017 obtained from LISN, this data has been plotted to analyze the spatial and temporal occurrence, and to analyze the occurrence of S4 as a function of other space weather variables obtained from OMNI2. The machine learning algorithms were decision tree, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Neuronal Network (NN). Decision tree was implemented as a filtering method, support vector machine for clustering and neuronal network to generate time series in forecasting. This paper shows the initial part of an investigation that aims to correlate qualitatively and quantitatively the occurrence of amplitude scintillations (S4) with errors in the position estimation of GNSS receivers, once the correlation between S4 and position error has been quantified, it may be possible to predict the error by predicting S4.Item Open Access Initial design of a GNU radio interface for the new version of the Jicamarca Acquisition Radar System (JARS 2.0)(Instituto Geofísico del Perú, 2020-06) Tupac, Isaac; Rojas, John; Verástegui, Joaquín; Espinoza, Juan Carlos; Milla, MarcoIn this poster the initial design of a new software interface to control the novel ethernet based radar acquisition system JARS 2.0 of the Jicamarca Radio Observatory is presented. This interface will be implemented using the open-source software development toolkit GNU Radio; which besides controlling the JARS 2.0, it will obtain the acquired data for its further processing. The aim of the project, although in its development stage, will be to use the benefits of the GNU Radio to process, plot and even save the data in an standard way.Item Open Access Ionospheric effects of recent stratospheric sudden warmings(Instituto Geofísico del Perú, 2011) Goncharenko, L.; Coster, A.; Chau Chong Shing, Jorge Luis; Valladares, C. E.Recent studies have shown large variations in low-latitude ionospheric parameters occurring after stratospheric sudden warming events. We use observations of vertical ion drift from Jicamarca ISR and GPS total electron content data in the Western Hemisphere for winters of 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 to illustrate main features of ionospheric changes related to stratospheric sudden warmings. The common feature in all events is the increase in the electron density during the morning hours and the decrease in the afternoon, related to amplification of 12-hour signature in low-latitude vertical ion drifts. This feature persists for several days after the peak in stratospheric temperature. The observed phenomena is related to quasistationary planetary waves, which have a high amplitude level prior to the stratospheric warmings. Non-linear interaction of planetary waves with tides leading to increase in tidal amplitudes in the low latitude lower thermosphere and modulation of E-region electric field with subsequent mapping to the F-region is thought to be the primary mechanism responsible for the observed ionospheric response. We investigate the characteristics of ionospheric oscillations with planetary wave periods between 2 and 30 days and in a wide range of latitudes in context of variations in stratospheric parameters.Item Open Access Ionospheric variations during January 2009 stratospheric sudden warming(Instituto Geofísico del Perú, 2009) Goncharenko, L.; Coster, A.; Rideout, W.; Chau Chong Shing, Jorge Luis; Liu, H. -L.; Valladares, C. E.The stratospheric sudden warming peaking in January 2009 was the strongest and most prolonged on record. We report significant ionospheric variations is association with this event, which are especially pronounced at low latitudes. Large increase in the vertical drifts is observed at Jicamarca, displaying 12-hour signature with upward drifts in the morning hours and downward drifts in the afternoon hours, with pattern persisting for several days. Analysis of GPS TEC data indicates that variations in electron density are observed in a large range of longitudes and latitudes. The entire daytime ionosphere is affected, with morning increase in low-latitude TEC exceeding 100% of the mean value, and afternoon decrease in TEC approaching ~50% of the mean value. These variations are consistent with ionospheric disturbances observed during other stratospheric warming events. We suggest the observed phenomena is related to planetary waves, which have a high amplitude level prior to the stratospheric warmings. Interaction of planetary waves with tides and modulation of tides can lead to changes in the low-latitude electric field through the wind dynamo process, which in turn is responsible for a largescale redistribution of ionospheric electron density.Item Open Access Jupiter's synchrotron radiation at 50 MHZ measured by the large 50MHZ Jicamarca array(Instituto Geofísico del Perú, 2013-05) Woodman Pollitt, Ronald Francisco; Villanueva R., FernandoJupiter radiates electromagnetic radiation in a broad spectrum. We are concerned here with the center part, usually referred as the decimetric radiation, a relatively flat part of the spectrum going from about 39.5 MHz merging into the thermal radiation at about 4GHz. The source of this radiation is synchrotron radiation emitted by energetic electrons, trapped in Jupiter's Van Allen radiation belt, gyrating around its magnetic field. The flux density of this radiation has been measured at many frequencies, the lowest being at around 80 MHZ.Item Open Access LISN network: tools for GPS data processing and managing(Instituto Geofísico del Perú, 2013) Espinoza, Juan C.; Valladares, CesarThe LISN network includes several GPS receivers installed around South America as a distributed observatory with the purpose of study the ionospheric phenomena. All of these receivers send data every 15 minutes to a central server located at Lima – Peru.Item Open Access Madrigal database at Jicamarca: upgrading and unifictaing our databases(Instituto Geofísico del Perú, 2009) Urco, M.; Rideout, B.Several instruments utilized under different operation modes at the Jicamarca Radio Observatory (JRO) have allowed the study of the equatorial atmosphere and ionosphere for many years. Among others we have: the Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR), the Jicamarca Bistatic Radar (JBR), Magnetometer, Ionosonda and JULIA radar. All instruments generate a huge amount of information, either raw or derived data. Each operation mode has its own database and it can be freely accessed through the Internet by their respective link at: http://jro.igp.gob.pe/database/; the search options, graphics and visualization are different depending on the experiment. JRO is under a process of data server upgrading, both software and hardware. This includes the unification of existing databases in Jicamarca, improving the search tools, access and visualization. The first stage of this process involves the transfer of Madrigal tools to the server: http://jro1.igp.gob.pe/madrigal which has a better performance and greater security, including the addition of new data and experiments to Madrigal. In this work we describe the main features of our new designed database, as well as the improvements and new options added to Madrigal.Item Open Access Modos de observación en el espacio cercano con el radar de Jicamarca(Instituto Geofísico del Perú, 2010) Kuyeng, K.; Castillo, O.; Condori, L.; Chau Chong Shing, Jorge LuisEl Radio Observatorio de Jicamarca (ROJ) es la principal estación ecuatorial de la cadena de radio observatorios de dispersión incoherente (cuyas siglas en inglés es ISR) del hemisferio oeste que se extienden desde Lima - Perú hasta Søndre Strømfjord, Groelandia y la más importante en el mundo para estudiar la ionósfera ecuatorial. Esta compuesto de tres transmisores de 1.5 MW y un arreglo de antenas de 18,432 dipolos, cubriendo un área aproximada de 85,000 m2. El estudio de la ionósfera ecuatorial ha adquirido mayor importancia debido, en gran parte,a las contribuciones hechas por el Radio Observatorio de Jicamarca. El Observatorio se ubica a media hora de viaje en automóvil hacía el este de Lima y a 10 kms de la Carretera Central (latitud 11.95°Sur, longitud 76.87° Oeste).Item Open Access Observaciones de las inestabilidades KH en la tropósfera, usando un radar de alta resolución(Instituto Geofísico del Perú, 2010) Villanueva, Fernando; Woodman Pollitt, Ronald Francisco; Castillo, OttoEl Radio Observatorio de Jicamarca (ROJ), cuenta con el radar SOUSY de alta resolución, el cual fue donado al Instituto Geofísico del Perú, por el Instituto Max Plank, de Alemania a mediados del 2001. La antena del radar, está constituida por un arreglo cuadrado de 65 m de lado, conformada por 256 antenas Yagi, ubicada cerca del cuarto Sur de la antena principal de Jicamarca (figura 1). Su ubicación permitirá realizar experimentos, que requieran, por ejemplo, una línea de base larga Norte-Sur, y que es usada particularmente para estudios de sensibilidad de aspecto de irregularidades en la ionosfera (figura 2). Los resultados que se presentan en el presente poster corresponden a observaciones de la tropósfera, y han sido obtenidos con la antena en posición vertical, utilizando en el transmisor la etapa previa driver, esto equivale a una potencia de 20 Kw, con codificación del pulso del transmisor de 64 baudios, y ancho de código de 250 ns (resolución de 18.75m). La figura 3 nos muestra la respuesta del sistema, transmisor-receptor.Item Open Access Perpendicular and off-perpendicular to B observations of 150-km echoes: evidence of meridional modulation and structure(Instituto Geofísico del Perú, 2009) Chau Chong Shing, Jorge Luis; Woodman Pollitt, Ronald Francisco; Milla, MarcoAlthough discovered more than 40 years ago [Balsley, 1964], there is still no physical mechanism that explains the occurrence of coherent echoes from altitudes around 150 kms (the so called 150-km echoes). East-West oblique beam [Fawcett, 1999] as well as wide beam imaging observations at Jicamarca, indicates that temporal variability of 150-km echoes (the pearls in the necklace) is not due to structuring and/or modulation in the zonal direction. These results point to a meridional modulation [E. Kudeki, personal communication]. Recently Chau [2004] reported the observations of echoes from off-perpendicular to B angles, implying that the aspect sensitivity (i.e., the North-South angular brightness) is not a narrow Gaussian as originally thought…