Browsing by Author "Laiolo, Marco"

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    Magma extrusion during the Ubinas 2013-2014 eruptive crisis based on satellite thermal imaging (MIROVA) and ground-based monitoring
    (Elsevier, 2015-09) Coppola, Diego; Macedo Sánchez, Orlando Efraín; Ramos Palomino, Domingo A.; Finizola, Anthony; Delle Done, Dario; Del Carpio Calienes, José Alberto; White, Randall; McCausland, Wendy; Centeno Quico, Riky; Rivera, Marco; Apaza, Fredy; Ccallata, Beto; Chilo, Wilmer; Cigolini, Corrado; Laiolo, Marco; Lazarte, Ivonne; Machaca, Roger; Masias, Pablo; Ortega, Mayra; Puma Sacsi, Nino; Taipe, Edu
    After 3 years of mild gases emissions, the Ubinas volcano entered in a new eruptive phase on September 2nd, 2013. The MIROVA system (a space-based volcanic hot-spot detection system), allowed us to detect in near real time the thermal emissions associated with the eruption and provided early evidence of magma extrusion within the deep summit crater. By combining IR data with plume height, sulfur emissions, hot spring temperatures and seismic activity, we interpret the thermal output detected over Ubinas in terms of extrusion rates associated to the eruption. We suggest that the 2013–2014 eruptive crisis can be subdivided into three main phases: (i) shallow magma intrusion inside the edifice, (ii) extrusion and growing of a lava plug at the bottom of the summit crater coupled with increasing explosive activity and finally, (iii) disruption of the lava plug and gradual decline of the explosive activity. The occurrence of the 8.2 Mw Iquique (Chile) earthquake (365 km away from Ubinas) on April 1st, 2014, may have perturbed most of the analyzed parameters, suggesting a prompt interaction with the ongoing volcanic activity. In particular, the analysis of thermal and seismic datasets shows that the earthquake may have promoted the most intense thermal and explosive phase that culminated in a major explosion on April 19th, 2014. These results reveal the efficiency of space-based thermal observations in detecting the extrusion of hot magma within deep volcanic craters and in tracking its evolution. We emphasize that, in combination with other geophysical and geochemical datasets, MIROVA is an essential tool for monitoring remote volcanoes with rather difficult accessibility, like those of the Andes that reach remarkably high altitudes.
    Palabras clave:Volcano UbinasMIROVAThermal anomalies
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    Thermal remote sensing for global volcano monitoring: experiences from the MIROVA system
    (Frontiers Media, 2020-01-27) Coppola, Diego; Laiolo, Marco; Cigolini, Corrado; Massimetti, Francesco; Delle Donne, Dario; Ripepe, Maurizio; Arias, Hidran; Barsotti, Sara; Bucarey Parra, Claudia; Centeno Quico, Riky; Cevuard, Sandrine; Chigna, Gustavo; Chun, Carla; Garaebiti, Esline; Gonzales, Dulce; Griswold, Julie; Juarez, Javier; Lara, Luis E.; López, Cristian Mauricio; Macedo Sánchez, Orlando Efraín; Mahinda, Celestin; Ogburn, Sarah; Prambada, Oktory; Ramon, Patricio; Ramos, Domingo; Peltier, Aline; Saunders, Steve; De Zeeuw-van Dalfsen, Elske; Varley, Nick; William, Ricardo
    Volcanic activity is always accompanied by the transfer of heat from the Earth’s crust to the atmosphere. This heat can be measured from space and its measurement is a very useful tool for detecting volcanic activity on a global scale. MIROVA (Middle Infrared Observation of Volcanic Activity) is an automatic volcano hot spot detection system, based on the analysis of MODIS data (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). The system is able to detect, locate and quantify thermal anomalies in near real-time, by providing, on a dedicated website (www.mirovaweb.it), infrared images and thermal flux time-series on over 200 volcanoes worldwide. Thanks to its simple interface and intuitive representation of the data, MIROVA is currently used by several volcano observatories for daily monitoring activities and reporting. In this paper, we present the architecture of the system and we provide a state of the art on satellite thermal data usage for operational volcano monitoring and research. In particular, we describe the contribution that the thermal data have provided in order to detect volcanic unrest, to forecast eruptions and to depict trends and patterns during eruptive crisis. The current limits and requirements to improve the quality of the data, their distribution and interpretation are also discussed, in the light of the experience gained in recent years within the volcanological community. The results presented clearly demonstrate how the open access of satellite thermal data and the sharing of derived products allow a better understanding of ongoing volcanic phenomena, and therefore constitute an essential requirement for the assessment of volcanic hazards.
    Palabras clave:Thermal remote sensingGlobal volcano monitoringMIROVA