Browsing by Author "Carpio, Julia"
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Item Open Access Estructura de un catálogo de tsunamis para el Perú basado en el catalogo de Gusiakov (2002)(Sociedad Geológica del Perú, 2002) Carpio, Julia; Tavera, HernandoEn el presente trabajo se propone una estructura para la elaboración de un catálogo de tsunamis ocurridos en Perú desde el año 1500 al presente a partir del propuesto por Gusiakov (2002) para tsunamis ocurridos en el mundo. Para tal objetivo, se ha realizado una revisión detallada de once fuentes de información sobre tsunamis ocurridos en Perú, además de IQScatálogos sísmicos mundiales y del Instituto Geofísico del Perú a fin de verificar los parámetros hipocentrales de los sismos que han generado tsunamis. Los resultados permiten considerar una base de datos de 123 tsunamis, de los cual,es 117 deben su origen a sismos, 5 a deslizamientos y uno a la erupción del volcán Krakatoa. De estos tsunamis, 3 corresponden a sismos ocurridos en Islandia, Indonesia e Islas Aleutianas. La información recopilada ha permitido asignar valores de magnitud, tanto para el sismo como para el tsunami según la escala propuesta por Soloviev-Imamura (Soloviev, 1978). La estructura del catálogo propuesto permite un mejor manejo e interpretación de toda la información disponible sobre tsunamis ocurridos en Perú.Item Restricted The southern region of Peru earthquake of June 23rd, 2001(Springer, 2006) Tavera, Hernando; Fernández, Efraín; Bernal Esquia, Yesenia Isabel; Antayhua Vera, Yanet Teresa; Agüero, Consuelo; Salas, Henry; Rodríguez, Simeón; Vilcapoma, Luis; Zamudio, Yolanda; Portugal, David; Inza, Adolfo; Carpio, Julia; Ccallo Huaquisto, Freddy Javier; Valdivia Polanco, Igor AlbertoThe western border of South America is one of the most important seismogenic regions in the world. In this region the most damaging earthquake ever recorded occurred. In June 23rd, 2001, another very strong earthquake (Mw = 8.1–8.2) occurred and produced death and damages in the whole southern region of Peru. This earthquake was originated by a friction process between Nazca and South American plates and affected an area of about 300 km × 120 km defined by the distribution of more than 220 aftershocks recorded by a local seismic network that operated 20 days. The epicenter of the main shock was localized in the northwestern extremity of the aftershock area, which suggests that the rupture propagated towards the SE direction. The modeling of P-wave for teleseismic distances permitted to define a focal mechanism of reverse type with NW-SE oriented nodal planes and a possible fault plane moving beneath almost horizontally in NE direction. The source time function (STF) suggests a complex process of rupture during 85 sec with 2 successive sources. The second one of greater size, and located approximately 100–120 km toward the SE direction was estimated to have a rupture velocity of about 2 km/sec on a 28°-dipping plane to the SE (N135°). A second event happened 45 sec after the first one with an epicenter 130km farther to the SE and a complex STF. This event and the second source of the main shock caused a Tsunami with waves from 7 to 8 meters that propagated almost orthogonally to the coast line, by affecting mainly the Camaná area. Three of all the aftershocks presented magnitudes greater or equal to Mw = 6.6, two of them occurred in front of the cities of Ilo and Mollendo (June 26th and July 7th) with focal mechanisms similar to the main seismic event. The aftershock of July 5th shows a normal mechanism at a depth of 75 km, and is therefore most likely located within the subducting Nazca plate and not in the coupling. The aftershocks of June 26th (Mw = 6.6) and July 5th (Mw = 6.6) show simple short duration STF. The aftershock of July 7th (Mw = 7.5) with 27-second duration suggests a complex process of energy release with the possible occurrence of a secondary shock with lower focal depth and focal mechanism of inverse type with a great lateral component. Simple and composed focal mechanisms were elaborated for the aftershocks and all have similar characteristics to the main earthquake. The earthquake of June 23rd caused major damages in the whole southern Peru. The damage in towns of Arequipa, Moquegua allow to consider maximum intensities from 6 to 7 (MSK79). In Alto de la Alianza and Ciudad Nueva zones from Tacna, the maximum intensity was of 7− (MSK79).