Seasonal and diurnal cycles of surface boundary layer and energy balance in the Central Andes of Perú, Mantaro Valley

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dc.contributor.authorFlores Rojas, José Luis
dc.contributor.authorCuxart, Joan
dc.contributor.authorPiñas-Laura, Manuel
dc.contributor.authorCallañaupa, Stephany
dc.contributor.authorSuárez Salas, Luis
dc.contributor.authorKumar, Shailendra
dc.contributor.authorMoya Álvarez, Aldo Saturnino
dc.contributor.authorSilva Vidal, Yamina
dc.coverage.spatialAndes centrales
dc.coverage.spatialValle del Mantaro
dc.coverage.spatialHuancayo
dc.date.accessioned2019-12-11T16:16:07Z
dc.date.available2019-12-11T16:16:07Z
dc.date.issued2019-12-05
dc.description.abstractThe present study presents a detailed analysis of the diurnal and monthly cycles the surface boundary layer and of surface energy balance in a sparse natural vegetation canopy on Huancayo observatory (12.04◦ S, 75.32◦ W, 3313 m ASL), which is located in the central Andes of Perú (Mantaro Valley) during an entire year (May 2018–April 2019). We used a set of meteorological sensors (temperature, relative humidity, wind) installed in a gradient tower 30 m high, a set of radiative sensors to measure all irradiance components, and a set of tensiometers and heat flux plate to measure soil moisture, soil temperatures and soil heat flux. To estimate turbulent energy fluxes (sensible and latent), two flux–gradient methods: the aerodynamic method and the Bowen-ratio energy-balance method were used. The ground heat flux at surface was estimated using a molecular heat transfer equation. The results show minimum mean monthly temperatures and more stable conditions were observed in June and July before sunrise, while maximum mean monthly temperatures in October and November and more unstable conditions in February and March. From May to August inverted water vapor profiles near the surface were observed (more intense in July) at night hours, which indicate a transfer of water vapor as dewfall on the surface. The patterns of wind direction indicate well-defined mountain–valley circulation from south-east to south-west especially in fall–winter months (April–August). The maximum mean monthly sensible heat fluxes were found in June and September while minimum in February and March. Maximum mean monthly latent heat fluxes were found in February and March while minimum in June and July. The surface albedo and the Bowen ratio indicate semi-arid conditions in wet summer months and extreme arid conditions in dry winter months. The comparisons between sensible heat flux (QH) and latent heat flux (QE), estimated by the two methods show a good agreement (R² above 0.8). The comparison between available energy and the sum of QE and QH fluxes shows a good level of agreement (R² = 0.86) with important imbalance contributions after sunrise and around noon, probably by advection processes generated by heterogeneities on the surface around the Huancayo observatory and intensified by the mountain–valley circulation.es_ES
dc.description.peer-reviewPor pareses_ES
dc.formatapplication/pdfes_ES
dc.identifier.citationFlores-Rojas, J. L., Cuxart, J., Piñas-Laura, M., Callañaupa, S., Suárez-Salas, L., Kumar, S., ... Silva, Y. (2019). Seasonal and Diurnal Cycles of Surface Boundary Layer and Energy Balance in the Central Andes of Perú, Mantaro Valley.==$Atmosphere, 10$==(12), 779. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10120779es_ES
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10120779es_ES
dc.identifier.govdocindex-oti2018
dc.identifier.journalAtmospherees_ES
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12816/4721
dc.language.isoenges_ES
dc.publisherMDPIes_ES
dc.relation.ispartofurn:issn:2073-4433
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesses_ES
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/es_ES
dc.subjectSurface boundary layeres_ES
dc.subjectSurface energy balancees_ES
dc.subjectCentral Andeses_ES
dc.subjectMantaro Valleyes_ES
dc.subjectLAMARes_ES
dc.subject.ocdehttp://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.00es_ES
dc.subject.ocdehttp://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.09es_ES
dc.subject.ocdehttp://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.11es_ES
dc.titleSeasonal and diurnal cycles of surface boundary layer and energy balance in the Central Andes of Perú, Mantaro Valleyes_ES
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlees_ES

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